Prostate Cancer Specialist

Prostate cancer Q & A

What symptoms are associated with prostate cancer?

Prostate cancer is a common cancer that affects the prostate gland, the walnut-sized gland located between the penis and the bladder. As cancer develops and progresses, the gland enlarges and presses on the bladder, causing symptoms like:

• weak or interrupted urine stream
• difficulty urinating
• erectile dysfunction
• pain or pressure in the pelvic region
• blood in the semen

In its earliest stages, prostate cancer typically causes no symptoms or very few symptoms, making it difficult to identify without a prostate exam. Having regular prostate exams is very important in helping to ensure the cancer is caught in its most treatable stages. How oftne you need to have an exam will depend on your age and other factors, including family medical history.

Are some people at greater risk for prostate cancer?

Yes, studies have identified some risk factors that can make you more prone to developing prostate cancer, including:

• family history of prostate cancer
• family history of breast cancer or presence of breast cancer genes (BRCA1 or BRCA2) in family members
• obesity

What methods are used to diagnose prostate cancer?

Since prostate cancer causes no symptoms in its early stages, diagnosis is usually made during a routine prostate exam called a digital rectal exam, or DRE. In this exam, a lubricated and gloved finger is used to gently feel the prostate for signs of swelling. A blood test called a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test may also be ordered to look for elevated levels of PSA which can also indicate cancer as well as other prostate diseases. Depending on those results, an ultrasound or a biopsy may be ordered.

What treatment are available?

Treatment depends on the stage and aggressiveness of the cancer. Chemotherapy, radiation, surgery and other treatments are all available depending on your specific needs.